Major areas of GIS application can be grouped into five categories as follows.

Facilities Management
Large scale and precise maps and network analysis are used mainly for utility management. AM/FM is frequently used in this area.

Environment and Natural Resourrces Management
Medium or small scale maps and overlay techniques in combination with aerial photographs and satellite images are used for management of natural resources and environmental impact analysis.

Street Network
Large or medium scale maps and spatial analysis are used for vehicle routing, locating house and streets etc.

Planning and Engineering
Large or medium scale maps and engineering models are used mainly in civil enginerring.

Land Information System
Large scale cadastre maps or land parcel maps and spatial analysis are used for cadastre administration, taxation etc.

Table 1.5 summarizes the major areas of GIS applications.