In practical appliations of GIS, all possible relationships in spatial data should be used logically with more complicated data structures.
The following topology relationships are commonly defined.

a. Point-Pont Relationship
"is within" : within a certian distance
"is nearest to" : nearest to a certain point

b. Point-Line Relationships
"on line" : a point on a line
"is nearest to" : a point nearest to a line

c. Point-area Relationships
"is contained in’’ : a point in an area
"on border of area" : a point on border of an area

d. Line-Line Relationships
"intersects" : two lines intersect
"crosses" : two lines cross without an intersect
"flow into" : a stream flows into the river
e. Line-Area Relationship
"intersects" : a line intersects an area
"borders" : a line is a part of border of an area

f. Area-Area Relationships
"overlaps" : two areas overlap
"is within" : an island within an area
"is adjacent to" : two area share a common boudary

Figure 2.4 shows the several topological relationships between spatial objects.
Figure 2.5 shows geometric and topological modeling between point, line and area.